Who Is the Speaker of the House of Representatives

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The speaker of the The states House of Representatives is the presiding officeholder of the United States House of Representatives. The office was established in 1789 by Commodity I, Section ii of the U.S. Constitution. The speaker is the political and parliamentary leader of the Business firm, and is simultaneously the trunk's presiding officer, the de facto leader of the body'south majority party, and the institution's administrative caput.^[ane] Speakers besides perform various administrative and procedural functions, all in addition to representing their own congressional commune. Given these several roles and responsibilities, the speaker unremarkably does not personally preside over debates. That duty is instead delegated to members of the Business firm from the majority party. Neither does the speaker regularly participate in floor debates. Additionally, the speaker is second in the presidential line of succession, after the vice president and ahead of the president pro tempore of the Senate.^[2]

The House elects a new speaker by roll call vote when it offset convenes after a general ballot for its two-twelvemonth term, or when a speaker dies, resigns or is removed from the position intra-term. A majority of votes cast (as opposed to a bulk of the full membership of the Business firm) is necessary to elect a speaker.^[1] If no candidate receives a majority vote, then the roll call is repeated until a speaker is elected.^[3] The Constitution does non require the speaker to be an incumbent member of the House, although every speaker thus far has been.^[4]

The current speaker of the Business firm, Democrat Nancy Pelosi of California, was elected to a fourth (second consecutive) term in office on Jan 3, 2021, the first day of the 117th Congress. She is the simply woman to have served as speaker. Altogether, 54 individuals, from 23 of the 50 states, accept served as speaker of the House. The number from each state are:

• Eight: Massachusetts;
• Four: Kentucky and Virginia;
• Three: Georgia, Illinois, Indiana, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Tennessee, and Texas;
• Ii: Maine, New Bailiwick of jersey, New York, and Due south Carolina;
• I: Alabama, California, Connecticut, Iowa, Missouri, Due north Carolina, Oklahoma, Washington, and Wisconsin.

Ane speaker, James K. Polk, subsequently served as President of the United states of america, the only one to serve in both offices, and ii speakers, Schuyler Colfax and John Nance Garner, later on became Vice president. The longest serving speaker was Sam Rayburn – 17 years, 53 days. Elected x times, he led the House three times: from September 1940 to January 1947; January 1949 to January 1953; and January 1955 to November 1961. Tip O'Neill had the longest uninterrupted tenure as speaker – 9 years, 350 days. Elected v times, he led the Firm from January 1977 to January 1987. Theodore M. Pomeroy had the shortest tenure; elected speaker on March 3, 1869, he served 1 day.

List of speakers [edit]

The House has elected a speaker 126 times since 1789:^[iii] at the beginning of each of the 117 congresses, plus on 10 occasions when a vacancy arose during a Congress via death or resignation. Of the 54 people who have served equally speaker of the House over the past 232 years, 32 served multiple terms, and seven of them served nonconsecutive terms: Frederick Muhlenberg, Henry Clay, John Due west. Taylor, Thomas Brackett Reed, Joseph West. Martin Jr., Sam Rayburn, and Nancy Pelosi. Altogether, there take been 63 occasions on which a new speaker took function. Every speaker of the House has been a member of a political party or faction; the number affiliated with each is:

 Democratic – 22;^[a]  Republican – 16;  Democratic-Republican – 6;^[b]  Jacksonian – three;^[a]  Whig – 3;  Federalist – 2;  Pro-Assistants – 2;^[c]  Adams Republican – 1;^[b]  American – 1;  Anti-Assistants – ane.^[c]

Every bit of February 2022, in that location are four living onetime speakers of the Business firm: Newt Gingrich, Dennis Hastert, John Boehner, and Paul Ryan. Nancy Pelosi was likewise amongst this grouping, prior to reassuming the office in January 2019.

List of speakers of the United states House of Representatives

Congress	Term	Portrait	Name	Party		District[d]
1st	Apr 1, 1789 – March 4, 1791		Frederick Muhlenberg		Pro-Administration	Pennsylvania at-big
second	Oct 24, 1791 – March 4, 1793		Jonathan Trumbull Jr.		Pro-Administration	Connecticut at-big
tertiary	December 2, 1793[e] – March iv, 1795		Frederick Muhlenberg		Anti-Assistants	Pennsylvania at-large
4th	December seven, 1795 – March four, 1797		Jonathan Dayton		Federalist	New Jersey at-large
fifth	May 15, 1797 – March 4, 1799
6th	Dec two, 1799[due east] – March 4, 1801		Theodore Sedgwick		Federalist	Massachusetts 1
7th	Dec 7, 1801 – March four, 1803		Nathaniel Macon		Democratic- Republican	North Carolina five
8th	Oct 17, 1803 – March four, 1805					Northward Carolina 6
9th	December 2, 1805[e] – March 4, 1807
10th	October 26, 1807 – March 4, 1809		Joseph Bradley Varnum		Democratic- Republican	Massachusetts 4
11th	May 22, 1809[eastward] – March 4, 1811
12th	Nov four, 1811 – March 4, 1813		Henry Clay		Democratic- Republican	Kentucky 5
13th	May 24, 1813 – Jan 19, 1814[f]					Kentucky ii
13th [g]	January 19, 1814 – March 4, 1815		Langdon Cheves		Autonomous- Republican	Southward Carolina i
14th	Dec 4, 1815 – March 4, 1817		Henry Dirt		Democratic- Republican	Kentucky 2
15th	December 1, 1817 – March iv, 1819
16th	December six, 1819 – October 28, 1820[f]
16th [g]	November 15, 1820[e] – March four, 1821		John W. Taylor		Democratic- Republican	New York 11
17th	Dec 4, 1821[e] – March 4, 1823		Philip P. Barbour		Democratic- Republican	Virginia 11
18th	Dec 1, 1823 – March half dozen, 1825[f]		Henry Clay		Democratic- Republican	Kentucky 3
19th	Dec v, 1825[east] – March 4, 1827		John W. Taylor		Adams Republican	New York 17
20th	December three, 1827 – March iv, 1829		Andrew Stevenson		Jacksonian	Virginia 9
21st	December seven, 1829 – March 4, 1831
22nd	December five, 1831 – March 4, 1833
23rd	December 2, 1833 – June 2, 1834[f]					Virginia xi
23rd [1000]	June 2, 1834[east] – March 4, 1835		John Bell		Jacksonian	Tennessee vii
24th	December 7, 1835 – March iv, 1837		James K. Polk		Jacksonian	Tennessee 9
25th	September 4, 1837 – March four, 1839				Democratic
26th	December 16, 1839[e] – March iv, 1841		Robert M. T. Hunter		Whig	Virginia ix
27th	May 31, 1841 – March 4, 1843		John White		Whig	Kentucky 9
28th	Dec 4, 1843 – March 4, 1845		John Winston Jones		Autonomous	Virginia 6
29th	December 1, 1845 – March iv, 1847		John Wesley Davis		Democratic	Indiana vi
30th	December 6, 1847[e] – March 4, 1849		Robert Charles Winthrop		Whig	Massachusetts ane
31st	December 22, 1849[eastward] – March 4, 1851		Howell Cobb		Democratic	Georgia six
32nd	Dec 1, 1851 – March 4, 1853		Linn Boyd		Autonomous	Kentucky 1
33rd	December five, 1853 – March 4, 1855
34th	Feb two, 1856[e] – March four, 1857		Nathaniel P. Banks		American	Massachusetts 7
35th	December 7, 1857 – March 4, 1859		James Lawrence Orr		Autonomous	South Carolina 5
36th	February one, 1860[e] – March 4, 1861		William Pennington		Republican	New Bailiwick of jersey five
37th	July 4, 1861 – March iv, 1863		Galusha A. Grow		Republican	Pennsylvania fourteen
38th	Dec vii, 1863 – March 4, 1865		Schuyler Colfax		Republican	Indiana 9
39th	December 4, 1865 – March four, 1867
40th	March four, 1867 – March iii, 1869[f]
40th [chiliad]	March 3–4, 1869		Theodore K. Pomeroy		Republican	New York 24
41st	March 4, 1869 – March 4, 1871		James Grand. Blaine		Republican	Maine 3
42nd	March 4, 1871 – March 4, 1873
43rd	March 4, 1873 – March iv, 1875
44th	December vi, 1875 – Baronial 19, 1876[h]		Michael C. Kerr		Democratic	Indiana 3
44th [g]	December 4, 1876 – March 4, 1877		Samuel J. Randall		Democratic	Pennsylvania 3
45th	October fifteen, 1877 – March 4, 1879
46th	March 18, 1879 – March 4, 1881
47th	December five, 1881 – March 4, 1883		J. Warren Keifer		Republican	Ohio 8
48th	December 3, 1883 – March 4, 1885		John One thousand. Carlisle		Autonomous	Kentucky vi
49th	December 7, 1885 – March 4, 1887
50th	December 5, 1887 – March 4, 1889
51st	December 2, 1889 – March iv, 1891		Thomas Brackett Reed		Republican	Maine 1
52nd	December 8, 1891 – March 4, 1893		Charles Frederick Crisp		Democratic	Georgia 3
53rd	August 7, 1893 – March iv, 1895
54th	Dec ii, 1895 – March 4, 1897		Thomas Brackett Reed		Republican	Maine one
55th	March 15, 1897 – March four, 1899
56th	December 4, 1899 – March four, 1901		David B. Henderson		Republican	Iowa 3
57th	December 2, 1901 – March four, 1903
58th	November 9, 1903 – March 4, 1905		Joseph Gurney Cannon		Republican	Illinois 18
59th	December 4, 1905 – March iv, 1907
60th	December two, 1907 – March 4, 1909
61st	March fifteen, 1909 – March iv, 1911
62nd	Apr 4, 1911 – March 4, 1913		Champ Clark		Autonomous	Missouri 9
63rd	April vii, 1913 – March 4, 1915
64th	December 6, 1915 – March 4, 1917
65th	April 2, 1917 – March 4, 1919
66th	May nineteen, 1919 – March 4, 1921		Frederick H. Gillett		Republican	Massachusetts 2
67th	Apr 11, 1921 – March 4, 1923
68th	Dec 5, 1923[e] – March 4, 1925
69th	December 7, 1925 – March four, 1927		Nicholas Longworth		Republican	Ohio 1
70th	December v, 1927 – March iv, 1929
71st	April 15, 1929 – March 4, 1931
72nd	December 7, 1931 – March 4, 1933		John Nance Garner		Democratic	Texas xv
73rd	March ix, 1933 – August nineteen, 1934[h]		Henry Thomas Rainey		Democratic	Illinois 20
74th	January 3, 1935 – June iv, 1936[h]		Jo Byrns		Democratic	Tennessee five
74th [g]	June 4, 1936 – Jan three, 1937		William B. Bankhead		Democratic	Alabama seven
75th	January 5, 1937 – Jan 3, 1939
76th	January 3, 1939 – September xv, 1940[h]
76th [g]	September 16, 1940 – January 3, 1941		Sam Rayburn		Autonomous	Texas 4
77th	January 3, 1941 – January iii, 1943
78th	January six, 1943 – January iii, 1945
79th	Jan 3, 1945 – January 3, 1947
80th	January 3, 1947 – January 3, 1949		Joseph W. Martin Jr.		Republican	Massachusetts xiv
81st	January 3, 1949 – January 3, 1951		Sam Rayburn		Autonomous	Texas 4
82nd	January three, 1951 – January 3, 1953
83rd	January three, 1953 – January 3, 1955		Joseph W. Martin Jr.		Republican	Massachusetts xiv
84th	January 3, 1955 – Jan 3, 1957		Sam Rayburn		Democratic	Texas 4
85th	January iii, 1957 – January 3, 1959
86th	January 7, 1959 – January iii, 1961
87th	January 3, 1961 – November xvi, 1961[h]
87th [g]	January 10, 1962 – January 3, 1963		John W. McCormack		Democratic	Massachusetts 12
88th	January nine, 1963 – January 3, 1965					Massachusetts nine
89th	January 4, 1965 – January 3, 1967
90th	January 10, 1967 – January 3, 1969
91st	Jan 3, 1969 – Jan 3, 1971
92nd	Jan 21, 1971 – January 3, 1973		Carl Albert		Democratic	Oklahoma 3
93rd	January three, 1973 – January iii, 1975
94th	January 14, 1975 – Jan three, 1977
95th	January 4, 1977 – January three, 1979		Tip O'Neill		Democratic	Massachusetts 8
96th	Jan 15, 1979 – Jan 3, 1981
97th	January 5, 1981 – January three, 1983
98th	January 3, 1983 – January three, 1985
99th	January three, 1985 – January 3, 1987
100th	January six, 1987 – January 3, 1989		Jim Wright		Democratic	Texas 12
101st	January iii, 1989 – June 6, 1989[f]
101st [g]	June 6, 1989 – January 3, 1991		Tom Foley		Autonomous	Washington v
102nd	January iii, 1991 – January 3, 1993
103rd	Jan 5, 1993 – January 3, 1995
104th	January four, 1995 – January 3, 1997		Newt Gingrich		Republican	Georgia 6
105th	Jan 7, 1997 – January iii, 1999[f]
106th	January six, 1999 – Jan iii, 2001		Dennis Hastert		Republican	Illinois xiv
107th	Jan 3, 2001 – Jan 3, 2003
108th	Jan 7, 2003 – January three, 2005
109th	Jan 3, 2005 – January iii, 2007
110th	January 4, 2007 – January 3, 2009		Nancy Pelosi		Democratic	California 8
111th	January 6, 2009 – January 3, 2011
112th	Jan 5, 2011 – Jan 3, 2013		John Boehner		Republican	Ohio 8
113th	January 3, 2013 – Jan iii, 2015
114th	January half dozen, 2015 – October 29, 2015[f]
114th [1000]	October 29, 2015 – Jan iii, 2017		Paul Ryan		Republican	Wisconsin ane
115th	January 3, 2017 – January 3, 2019
116th	January 3, 2019 – January 3, 2021		Nancy Pelosi		Autonomous	California 12
117th	January 3, 2021 – present
References:[5] [6]

Notes [edit]

1. ^ ^{a b} During James Chiliad. Polk'due south tenure as speaker the Jacksonian bloc confederate into the modern Autonomous Party.
2. ^ ^{a b} John Taylor served every bit speaker twice in the 1820s; initially he was every bit a fellow member of the Democratic–Republican Party, and later, when the party began to fracture, he sided with its pro–Adams faction.
3. ^ ^{a b} Frederick Muhlenberg served equally speaker twice in the 1790s, before political factions coalesced into formal parties; initially he identified with the pro–administration faction, but later he aligned himself with the anti–assistants faction.
4. ^ The district listed is the commune the speaker represented at the time they were in office, which may be unlike in dissimilar Congresses due to redistricting.
5. ^ ^{a b c d e f grand h i j k l k n} Multi-ballot ballot.
6. ^ ^{a b c d eastward f one thousand h} Resigned from role and from Congress.
7. ^ ^{a b c d east f m h i j} Intra-term special election.
8. ^ ^{a b c d e} Died in role.

Timeline [edit]

Speakers by time in office [edit]

The length of time given below is based on the deviation between dates; if counted by number of calendar days all the figures would exist one greater. Also, every bit many speakers were elected multiple times, and to terms that were, in several instances, not consecutive, the length of time given for each speaker measures their cumulative length of incumbency as speaker. Farther, fourth dimension afterwards adjournment of one Congress only earlier the convening of the adjacent Congress is not counted. For example, Nathaniel Macon was speaker in both the 8th and ninth Congresses, but the 8-month gap betwixt the two Congresses is not counted toward his service. The exact dates of service for each individual speaker is shown in the Term of service column of the above table.

Official seal of the Speaker of the United States House of Representatives

Sam Rayburn, longest serving speaker of the House,
17 years, 53 days (cumulative)

Tip O'Neill, longest uninterrupted tenure of function,
nine years, 350 days

Rank	Proper noun	Time in office	TE	Year(s) in which elected
i	Sam Rayburn	17 years, 53 days	10	1940; 1941; 1943; 1945; 1949; 1951; 1955; 1957; 1959; 1961
two	Henry Clay	10 years, 196 days	6	1811; 1813; 1815; 1817; 1819; 1823
three	Tip O'Neill	9 years, 350 days	5	1977; 1979; 1981; 1983; 1985
4	John W. McCormack	viii years, 344 days	5	1962; 1963; 1965; 1967; 1969
5	Dennis Hastert	7 years, 359 days	four	1999; 2001; 2003; 2005
6	Nancy Pelosi	seven years, 48 days	4	2007; 2009; 2019; 2021
7	Champ Clark	6 years, 357 days	4	1911; 1913; 1915; 1917
8	Carl Albert	5 years, 337 days	3	1971; 1973; 1975
9	Joseph Gurney Cannon	5 years, 285 days	4	1903; 1905; 1907; 1909
10	Tom Foley	v years, 209 days	3	1989; 1991; 1993
eleven	James G. Blaine	5 years, 93 days	3	1869; 1871; 1873
12	Frederick H. Gillett	4 years, 341 days	3	1919; 1921; 1923
13	John Boehner	4 years, 297 days	3	2011; 2013; 2015
14	Schuyler Colfax	4 years, 176 days	three	1863; 1865; 1867
15	Thomas Brackett Reed	4 years, 172 days	three	1889; 1895; 1897
16	Nicholas Longworth	4 years, 133 days	3	1925; 1927; 1929
17	William B. Bankhead	4 years, 102 days	3	1936; 1937; 1939
18	Andrew Stevenson	iv years, 83 days	4	1827; 1829; 1831; 1833
19	Joseph West. Martin Jr.	iv years	2	1947; 1953
20	Newt Gingrich	3 years, 361 days	2	1995; 1997
21	Nathaniel Macon	three years, 317 days	3	1801; 1803; 1805
22	John 1000. Carlisle	3 years, 267 days	iii	1883; 1885; 1887
23	Samuel J. Randall	iii years, 215 days	three	1876; 1877; 1879
24	Paul Ryan	3 years, 66 days	2	2015; 2017
25	Frederick Muhlenberg	3 years, 64 days	ii	1789; 1793
26	Joseph Bradley Varnum	three years, 49 days	2	1807; 1809
27	Jonathan Dayton	3 years, 14 days	ii	1795; 1797
28	Charles Frederick Crisp	2 years, 295 days	ii	1891; 1893
29	James K. Polk	2 years, 268 days	2	1835; 1837
30 (tie)	Linn Boyd	2 years, 182 days	2	1851; 1853
	David B. Henderson	2 years, 182 days	2	1899; 1901
32	Jim Wright	2 years, 151 days	2	1987; 1989
33	John White	1 year, 277 days	1	1841
34	Galusha A. Grow	1 twelvemonth, 243 days	1	1861
35	John W. Taylor	1 yr, 198 days	2	1820; 1825
36	Henry Thomas Rainey	1 yr, 163 days	1	1933
37	Joseph W. Byrns Sr.	1 yr, 153 days	1	1935
38	Jonathan Trumbull Jr.	one year, 131 days	ane	1791
39	John Wesley Davis	one year, 93 days	1	1845
40	Theodore Sedgwick	one year, 92 days	1	1799
41 (tie)	Philip P. Barbour	ane year, 90 days	1	1821
	John Winston Jones	1 year, 90 days	ane	1843
43	J. Warren Keifer	1 twelvemonth, 89 days	1	1881
44	Robert Charles Winthrop	1 yr, 88 days	1	1847
45 (tie)	James Lawrence Orr	1 year, 87 days	1	1857
	John Nance Garner	1 twelvemonth, 87 days	one	1931
47	Robert G. T. Hunter	1 yr, 78 days	1	1839
48	Howell Cobb	1 year, 72 days	1	1849
49	Langdon Cheves	ane year, 44 days	one	1814
fifty	William Pennington	one twelvemonth, 31 days	1	1860
51	Nathaniel P. Banks	1 yr, 30 days	1	1856
52	John Bong	275 days	1	1834
53	Michael C. Kerr	257 days	1	1875
54	Theodore One thousand. Pomeroy	1 day	i	1869

References [edit]

1. ^ ^{a b} Forte, David F. "Essays on Article I: Speaker of the House". Heritage Guide to The Constitution. Heritage Foundation. Retrieved March 23, 2019.
2. ^ Relyea, Harold C. (August v, 2005). "Continuity of Government: Current Federal Arrangements and the Future" (PDF). CRS Written report for Congress. Washington, D.C.: Congressional Research Service, the Library of Congress. pp. 2–4. Retrieved March 23, 2019.
3. ^ ^{a b} "Speaker Elections Decided past Multiple Ballots". history.house.gov. U.s.a. Firm of Representatives. Retrieved September 28, 2016.
4. ^ Heitshusen, Valerie; Beth, Richard S. (January 4, 2019). "Speakers of the Business firm: Elections, 1913–2019" (PDF). RL30857. Washington, D.C.: Congressional Inquiry Service. Retrieved March 23, 2019.
5. ^ "List of Speakers of the Firm". Washington, D.C.: Office of the Historian, U.s. Firm of Representatives. Retrieved January 24, 2022.
6. ^ Speakers of the Firm of Representatives, 1789-2021. Amenia, New York: Greyness House Publishing. 2021. ISBN978-i-64265-834-vii.

 This article incorporates public domain textile from websites or documents of the U.S. federal government.

• "A Century of Lawmaking for a New Nation: U.S. Congressional Documents and Debates, 1774–1875". memory.loc.gov. Washington, D.C.: Library of Congress.
• "Congressional Tape (Jump Edition)". govinfo.gov. Washington, D.C.: United States Regime Publishing Office.
• "List of Speakers of the House". Washington, D.C.: Function of the Historian, United States House of Representatives.

Farther reading [edit]

• Follett, Mary Parker (1909) [First edition, 1896]. The speaker of the House of Representatives. New York, New York: Longmans, Greene, and Visitor. Retrieved March xviii, 2019 – via Cyberspace Archive, digitized in 2007.
• Business firm Certificate 108–204 – The Cannon Centenary Conference: The Irresolute Nature of the Speakership

External links [edit]

• Official website

thorntongracts1957.blogspot.com

Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_speakers_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives

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